Title:
Adjuvant Innovation for influenza and cancer vaccination

Ken J Ishii ^1,2
1. Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO)
2. Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFREC), Osaka University, Osaka Japan

Abstract:
　The word adjuvant has its origin from the Latin “adjuvare”, meaning “to help”. It is a general term for substances (factors) which are co-administered with a vaccine with the aim of increasing the effect (immunogenicity) of the vaccine. The research and development of adjuvants has a history of more than 80 years, and their actual mechanism was not immunologically understood for a long time, with a famous sarcastic remark “Immunologist’s dirty little secret”. Recent advance in Immunolgy; however, allowed the development of adjuvants through an innovative scientific approach, and there is fierce competition worldwide for the development of next-generation adjuvants. I would like to introduce and discuss about several adjuvants with their novel mechanisms, including a small compound as a potent DAMPs inducer to target certain innate immune mechanisms. 
　On the other hand, however, adjuvants range widely in terms of origin and mode of action, and they may be the cause or underlying cause of vaccine toxicity, especially immunotoxicity. I will present our recent work that common particulate adjuvants can cause local but sustained inflammation and allergic responses via novel innate immune mechanisms and cell death.

References:
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